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Solar photovoltaic systems, also known as photovoltaics, referred to as photovoltaics (photovoltaics; "photo-" light, "voltaics" volts), refer to the use of photovoltaic semiconductor materials to convert solar energy into direct current electrical energy. The core of photovoltaic facilities is solar panels. At present, semiconductor materials used for power generation mainly include: single crystal silicon, polycrystalline silicon, amorphous silicon, and cadmium telluride. Since countries have been actively promoting the application of renewable energy in recent years, the development of the photovoltaic industry is very rapid.

As of 2010, solar PV is in use in hundreds of countries around the world. Although its power generation capacity still accounts for only a small part of the total human power consumption, since 2004, the amount of photovoltaic power generated by the grid has increased at an average annual rate of 60%. By 2009, the total power generation capacity has reached 21GW, which is the fastest growing energy source. It is estimated that there is no photovoltaic system connected to the grid, and the current capacity is about 3 to 4 GW.

The photovoltaic system can be installed on the surface as a photovoltaic power station on a large scale, or it can be placed on the roof or exterior wall of a building to form a photovoltaic building integration.

Since the advent of solar cells, the use of materials, technological advances, and the maturity of the manufacturing industry have driven the price of photovoltaic systems to become cheaper. Not only that, many countries have invested a large amount of research and development funds to promote the conversion efficiency of photovoltaics, giving financial subsidies to manufacturing companies. More importantly, policies such as feed-in tariff subsidies and renewable energy ratio standards have greatly promoted the widespread use of photovoltaics in various countries.